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Marijuana Botany by Robert Connel Clark
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<blockquote data-quote="cannebosanac" data-source="post: 20009" data-attributes="member: 1357"><p>poglavlje 1</p><p></p><p><span style="color: green">Chapter 1 - Sinsemilla Life Cycle of Cannabis</span> </p><p>Cannabis is a tall, erect, annual herb. </p><p>Provided with an open sunny environment, </p><p>light well-drained composted soil, and ample </p><p>irrigation, Cannabis can grow to a height of </p><p>6 meters (about 20 feet) in a 4-6 month </p><p>growing season. Exposed river banks, mead- </p><p>ows, and agricultural lands are ideal habi- </p><p>tats for Cannabis since all offer good sun- </p><p>light. In this example an imported seed </p><p>from Thailand is grown without pruning </p><p>and becomes a large female plant. A cross </p><p>with a cutting from a male plant of Mexi- </p><p>can origin results in hybrid seed which is </p><p>stored for later planting. This example is </p><p>representative of the outdoor growth of </p><p>Cannabis in temperate climates. </p><p>Seeds are planted in the spring and </p><p>usually germinate in 3 to 7 days. The seed- </p><p>ling emerges from the ground by the </p><p>straightening of the hypocotyl (embryonic </p><p>stem). The cotyledons (seed leaves) are </p><p>slightly unequal in size, narrowed to the </p><p>base and rounded or blunt to the tip. </p><p>The hypocotyl ranges from 1 to 10 </p><p>centimeters (1A to 3 inches) in length. About </p><p>10 centimeters or less above the cotyledons, </p><p>the first true leaves arise, a pair of oppo- </p><p>sitely oriented single leaflets each with a </p><p>distinct petiole (leaf stem) rotated one- </p><p>quarter turn from the cotyledons. Subse- </p><p>quent pairs of leaves arise in opposite </p><p>formation and a variously shaped leaf se- </p><p>quence develops with the second pair of </p><p>leaves having 3 leaflets, the third 5 and so </p><p>on up to 11 leaflets. Occasionally the first </p><p>pair of leaves will have 3 leaflets each rather </p><p>than 1 and the second pair, 5 leaflets each. </p><p>If a plant is not crowded, limbs will </p><p>grow from small buds (located at the inter- </p><p>section of petioles) along the main stem. </p><p>Each sinsemilla (seedless drug Cannabis) </p><p>plant is provided with plenty of room to </p><p>grow long axial limbs and extensive fine </p><p>roots to increase floral production. Under </p><p>favorable conditions Cannabis grows up to </p><p>7 centimeters (21A inches) a day in height </p><p>during the long days of summer. </p><p>Cannabis shows a dual response to </p><p>daylength; during the first two to three </p><p>months of growth it responds to increasing </p><p>daylength with more vigorous growth, but </p><p>in the same season the plant requires shorter </p><p>days to flower and complete its life cycle. </p><p>LIFE CYCLE OF CANNABIS I Juvenile Stage </p><p>Cannabis flowers when exposed to a </p><p>critical daylength which varies with the </p><p>strain. Critical daylength applies only to </p><p>plants which fail to flower under continu- </p><p>ous illumination, since those which flower </p><p>under continuous illumination have no criti- </p><p>cal daylength. Most strains have an absolute </p><p>requirement of inductive photoperiods </p><p>(short days or long nights) to induce fertile </p><p>flowering and less than this will result in </p><p>the formation of undifferentiated primor- </p><p>dia (unformed flowers) only. </p><p>The time taken to form primordia </p><p>varies with the length of the inductive pho- - </p><p>toperiod. Given 10 hours per day of light a </p><p>strain may only take 10 days to flower, </p><p>whereas if given 16 hours per day it may </p><p>take up to 90 days. Inductive photoperiods </p><p>of less than 8 hours per day do not seem to </p><p>accelerate primordia formation. Dark </p><p>(night) cycles must be uninterrupted to in- </p><p>duce flowering (see appendix). </p><p>Cannabis is a dioecious plant, which </p><p>means that the male and female flowers </p><p>develop on separate plants, although mono- </p><p>ecious examples with both sexes on one </p><p>plant are found. The development of </p><p>branches containing flowering organs varies </p><p>greatly between males and females: the </p><p>male flowers hang in long, loose, multi- </p><p>branched, clustered limbs up to 30 centi- </p><p>meters (12 inches) long, while the female </p><p>flowers are tightly crowded between small </p><p>leaves. </p><p>Note: Female Cannabis flowers and </p><p>plants will be referred to as pistillate and </p><p>male flowers and plants will be referred to </p><p>as staminate in the remainder of this text. </p><p>This convention is more accurate and makes </p><p>examples of complex aberrant sexuality </p><p>easier to understand. </p><p>The first sign of flowering in Cannabis </p><p>is the appearance of undifferentiated flower </p><p>primordia along the main stem at the nodes </p><p>(intersections) of the petiole, behind the </p><p>stipule (leaf spur). In the prefloral phase, </p><p>the sexes of Cannabis are indistinguishable </p><p>except for general trends in shape. </p><p>When the primordia first appear they </p><p>are undifferentiated sexually, but soon the </p><p>males can be identified by their curved </p><p>claw shape, soon followed by the differen- </p><p>tiation of round pointed flower buds having </p><p>five radial segments. The females are recog- </p><p>nized by the enlargement of a symmetrical </p><p>tubular calyx (floral sheath). They are easier </p><p>to recognize at a young age than male pri- </p><p>mordia. The first female calyxes tend to </p><p>lack paired pistils (pollen-catching appen- </p><p>dages) though initial male flowers often </p><p>mature and shed viable pollen. In some in- </p><p>dividuals, especially hybrids, small non- </p><p>flowering limbs will form at the nodes and </p><p>are often confused with male primordia. </p><p>Cultivators wait until actual flowers form </p><p>to positively determine the sex of Cannabis </p><p>The female plants tend to be shorter </p><p>and have more branches than the male. </p><p>Female plants are leafy to the top with </p><p>many leaves surrounding the flowers, while </p><p>male plants have fewer leaves near the top </p><p>with few if any leaves along the extended </p><p>flowering limbs.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="cannebosanac, post: 20009, member: 1357"] poglavlje 1 [COLOR=green]Chapter 1 - Sinsemilla Life Cycle of Cannabis[/COLOR] Cannabis is a tall, erect, annual herb. Provided with an open sunny environment, light well-drained composted soil, and ample irrigation, Cannabis can grow to a height of 6 meters (about 20 feet) in a 4-6 month growing season. Exposed river banks, mead- ows, and agricultural lands are ideal habi- tats for Cannabis since all offer good sun- light. In this example an imported seed from Thailand is grown without pruning and becomes a large female plant. A cross with a cutting from a male plant of Mexi- can origin results in hybrid seed which is stored for later planting. This example is representative of the outdoor growth of Cannabis in temperate climates. Seeds are planted in the spring and usually germinate in 3 to 7 days. The seed- ling emerges from the ground by the straightening of the hypocotyl (embryonic stem). The cotyledons (seed leaves) are slightly unequal in size, narrowed to the base and rounded or blunt to the tip. The hypocotyl ranges from 1 to 10 centimeters (1A to 3 inches) in length. About 10 centimeters or less above the cotyledons, the first true leaves arise, a pair of oppo- sitely oriented single leaflets each with a distinct petiole (leaf stem) rotated one- quarter turn from the cotyledons. Subse- quent pairs of leaves arise in opposite formation and a variously shaped leaf se- quence develops with the second pair of leaves having 3 leaflets, the third 5 and so on up to 11 leaflets. Occasionally the first pair of leaves will have 3 leaflets each rather than 1 and the second pair, 5 leaflets each. If a plant is not crowded, limbs will grow from small buds (located at the inter- section of petioles) along the main stem. Each sinsemilla (seedless drug Cannabis) plant is provided with plenty of room to grow long axial limbs and extensive fine roots to increase floral production. Under favorable conditions Cannabis grows up to 7 centimeters (21A inches) a day in height during the long days of summer. Cannabis shows a dual response to daylength; during the first two to three months of growth it responds to increasing daylength with more vigorous growth, but in the same season the plant requires shorter days to flower and complete its life cycle. LIFE CYCLE OF CANNABIS I Juvenile Stage Cannabis flowers when exposed to a critical daylength which varies with the strain. Critical daylength applies only to plants which fail to flower under continu- ous illumination, since those which flower under continuous illumination have no criti- cal daylength. Most strains have an absolute requirement of inductive photoperiods (short days or long nights) to induce fertile flowering and less than this will result in the formation of undifferentiated primor- dia (unformed flowers) only. The time taken to form primordia varies with the length of the inductive pho- - toperiod. Given 10 hours per day of light a strain may only take 10 days to flower, whereas if given 16 hours per day it may take up to 90 days. Inductive photoperiods of less than 8 hours per day do not seem to accelerate primordia formation. Dark (night) cycles must be uninterrupted to in- duce flowering (see appendix). Cannabis is a dioecious plant, which means that the male and female flowers develop on separate plants, although mono- ecious examples with both sexes on one plant are found. The development of branches containing flowering organs varies greatly between males and females: the male flowers hang in long, loose, multi- branched, clustered limbs up to 30 centi- meters (12 inches) long, while the female flowers are tightly crowded between small leaves. Note: Female Cannabis flowers and plants will be referred to as pistillate and male flowers and plants will be referred to as staminate in the remainder of this text. This convention is more accurate and makes examples of complex aberrant sexuality easier to understand. The first sign of flowering in Cannabis is the appearance of undifferentiated flower primordia along the main stem at the nodes (intersections) of the petiole, behind the stipule (leaf spur). In the prefloral phase, the sexes of Cannabis are indistinguishable except for general trends in shape. When the primordia first appear they are undifferentiated sexually, but soon the males can be identified by their curved claw shape, soon followed by the differen- tiation of round pointed flower buds having five radial segments. The females are recog- nized by the enlargement of a symmetrical tubular calyx (floral sheath). They are easier to recognize at a young age than male pri- mordia. The first female calyxes tend to lack paired pistils (pollen-catching appen- dages) though initial male flowers often mature and shed viable pollen. In some in- dividuals, especially hybrids, small non- flowering limbs will form at the nodes and are often confused with male primordia. Cultivators wait until actual flowers form to positively determine the sex of Cannabis The female plants tend to be shorter and have more branches than the male. Female plants are leafy to the top with many leaves surrounding the flowers, while male plants have fewer leaves near the top with few if any leaves along the extended flowering limbs. [/QUOTE]
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