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Marijuana Botany by Robert Connel Clark
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<blockquote data-quote="cannebosanac" data-source="post: 20014" data-attributes="member: 1357"><p>poglavlje 2 nastavak</p><p></p><p>After the staminate limbs have dried and pollen re- </p><p>lease has stopped, the bags are shaken vigorously, allowed </p><p>to settle, and carefully untied. The limbs and loose flowers </p><p>are removed, since they are a source of moisture that </p><p>could promote mold growth, and the pollen bags are re- </p><p>sealed. The bags may be stored as they are until the seed </p><p>parent is ready for pollination, or the pollen may be re- </p><p>moved and stored in cool, dry, dark vials for later use and </p><p>hand application. Before storing pollen, any other plant </p><p>parts present are removed with a screen. A piece of fuel </p><p>filter screening placed across the top of a mason jar works </p><p>well, as does a fine-mesh tea strainer. </p><p>Now a pistillate plant is chosen as the seed parent. A </p><p>pistillate flower cluster is ripe for fertilization so long as </p><p>pale, slender pistils emerge from the calyxes. Withered, </p><p>dark pistils protruding from swollen, resin encrusted ca- </p><p>lyxes are a sign that the reproductive peak has long passed. </p><p>Cannabis plants can be successfully pollinated as soon as </p><p>the first primordia show pistils and until just before har- </p><p>vest, but the largest yield of uniform, healthy seeds is </p><p>achieved by pollinating in the peak floral stage. At this </p><p>time, the seed plant is covered with thick clusters of white </p><p>pistils. Few pistils are brown and withered, and resin pro- </p><p>duction has just begun. This is the most receptive time for </p><p>fertilization, still early in the seed plant's life, with plenty </p><p>of time remaining for the seeds to mature. Healthy, well- </p><p>flowered lower limbs on the shaded side of the plant are </p><p>selected. Shaded buds will not heat up in the bags as much </p><p>as buds in the hot sun, and this will help protect the sensi- </p><p>tive pistils. When possible, two terminal clusters of pistillate </p><p>flowers are chosen for each pollen bag. In this way, with </p><p>two pollen bags for each seed parent and two clusters of </p><p>pistillate flowers for each bag, there are four opportunities </p><p>to perform the cross successfully. Remember that produc </p><p>tion of viable seed requires successful pollination, fertiliza- </p><p>tion and embryo development. Since interfering with any </p><p>part of this cycle precludes seed development, fertilization </p><p>failure is guarded against by duplicating all steps. </p><p>Before the pollen bags are used, the seed parent infor- </p><p>mation is added to the pollen parent data. Included is the </p><p>number of the seed parent, the date of pollination, and any </p><p>comments about the phenotypes of both parents. Also, for </p><p>each of the selected pistillate clusters, a tag containing the </p><p>same information is made and secured to the limb below </p><p>the closure of the bag. A warm, windless evening is chosen </p><p>for pollination so the pollen tube has time to grow before </p><p>sunrise. After removing most of the shade leaves from the </p><p>tips of the limbs to be pollinated, the pollen is tapped away </p><p>from the mouth of the bag. The bag is then carefully </p><p>opened and slipped over two inverted limb tips, taking care </p><p>not to release any pollen, and tied securely with an ex- </p><p>pandable band. The bag is shaken vigorously, so the pollen </p><p>will be evenly dispersed throughout the bag, facilitating </p><p>complete pollination. Fresh bags are sometimes used, either </p><p>charged with pollen prior to being placed over the limb tip, </p><p>or injected with pollen, using a large syringe or atomizer, </p><p>after the bag is placed. However, the risk of accidental </p><p>pollination with injection is higher. </p><p>If only a small quantity of pollen is available it may </p><p>be used more sparingly by diluting with a neutral powder </p><p>such as flour before it is used. When pure pollen is used, </p><p>many pollen grains may land on each pistil when only one </p><p>is needed for fertilization. Diluted pollen will go further </p><p>and still produce high fertilization rates. Diluting 1 part </p><p>pollen with 10 to 100 parts flour is common. Powdered </p><p>fungicides can also be used since this helps retard the </p><p>growth of molds in the maturing, seeded, floral clusters. </p><p>The bags may remain on the seed parent for some </p><p>time; seeds usually begin to develop within a few days, but </p><p>their development will be retarded by the bags. The propa- </p><p>gator waits three full sunny days, then carefully removes </p><p>and sterilizes or destroys the bags. This way there is little </p><p>chance of stray pollination. Any viable pollen that failed </p><p>to pollinate the seed parent will germinate in the warm </p><p>moist bag and die within three days, along with many of </p><p>the unpollinated pistils. In particularly cool or overcast </p><p>conditions a week may be necessary, but the bag is re- </p><p>moved at the earliest safe time to ensure proper seed devel- </p><p>opment without stray pollinations. As soon as the bag is </p><p>removed, the calyxes begin to swell with seed, indicating </p><p>successful fertilization. Seed parents then need good irriga- </p><p>tion or development will be retarded, resulting in small, </p><p>immature, and nonviable seeds. Seeds develop fastest in </p><p>warm weather and take usually from two to four weeks to </p><p>mature completely. In cold weather seeds may take up to </p><p>two months to mature. If seeds get wet in fall rains, they </p><p>may sprout. Seeds are removed when the calyx begins to </p><p>dry up and the dark shiny perianth (seed coat) can be seen </p><p>protruding from the drying calyx. Seeds are labeled and </p><p>stored in a cool, dark, dry place, </p><p>This is the method employed by breeders to create </p><p>seeds of known parentage used to study and improve Can- </p><p>nabis genetics. Seed Selection </p><p>Nearly every cultivated Cannabis plant, no matter </p><p>what its future, began as a germinating seed; and nearly all </p><p>Cannabis cultivators, no matter what their intention, start </p><p>with seeds that are gifts from a fellow cultivator or ex- </p><p>tracted from imported shipments of marijuana. Very little </p><p>true control can be exercised in seed selection unless the </p><p>cultivator travels to select growing plants with favorable </p><p>characteristics and personally pollinate them. This is not </p><p>possible for most cultivators or researchers and they usually </p><p>rely on imported seeds.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="cannebosanac, post: 20014, member: 1357"] poglavlje 2 nastavak After the staminate limbs have dried and pollen re- lease has stopped, the bags are shaken vigorously, allowed to settle, and carefully untied. The limbs and loose flowers are removed, since they are a source of moisture that could promote mold growth, and the pollen bags are re- sealed. The bags may be stored as they are until the seed parent is ready for pollination, or the pollen may be re- moved and stored in cool, dry, dark vials for later use and hand application. Before storing pollen, any other plant parts present are removed with a screen. A piece of fuel filter screening placed across the top of a mason jar works well, as does a fine-mesh tea strainer. Now a pistillate plant is chosen as the seed parent. A pistillate flower cluster is ripe for fertilization so long as pale, slender pistils emerge from the calyxes. Withered, dark pistils protruding from swollen, resin encrusted ca- lyxes are a sign that the reproductive peak has long passed. Cannabis plants can be successfully pollinated as soon as the first primordia show pistils and until just before har- vest, but the largest yield of uniform, healthy seeds is achieved by pollinating in the peak floral stage. At this time, the seed plant is covered with thick clusters of white pistils. Few pistils are brown and withered, and resin pro- duction has just begun. This is the most receptive time for fertilization, still early in the seed plant's life, with plenty of time remaining for the seeds to mature. Healthy, well- flowered lower limbs on the shaded side of the plant are selected. Shaded buds will not heat up in the bags as much as buds in the hot sun, and this will help protect the sensi- tive pistils. When possible, two terminal clusters of pistillate flowers are chosen for each pollen bag. In this way, with two pollen bags for each seed parent and two clusters of pistillate flowers for each bag, there are four opportunities to perform the cross successfully. Remember that produc tion of viable seed requires successful pollination, fertiliza- tion and embryo development. Since interfering with any part of this cycle precludes seed development, fertilization failure is guarded against by duplicating all steps. Before the pollen bags are used, the seed parent infor- mation is added to the pollen parent data. Included is the number of the seed parent, the date of pollination, and any comments about the phenotypes of both parents. Also, for each of the selected pistillate clusters, a tag containing the same information is made and secured to the limb below the closure of the bag. A warm, windless evening is chosen for pollination so the pollen tube has time to grow before sunrise. After removing most of the shade leaves from the tips of the limbs to be pollinated, the pollen is tapped away from the mouth of the bag. The bag is then carefully opened and slipped over two inverted limb tips, taking care not to release any pollen, and tied securely with an ex- pandable band. The bag is shaken vigorously, so the pollen will be evenly dispersed throughout the bag, facilitating complete pollination. Fresh bags are sometimes used, either charged with pollen prior to being placed over the limb tip, or injected with pollen, using a large syringe or atomizer, after the bag is placed. However, the risk of accidental pollination with injection is higher. If only a small quantity of pollen is available it may be used more sparingly by diluting with a neutral powder such as flour before it is used. When pure pollen is used, many pollen grains may land on each pistil when only one is needed for fertilization. Diluted pollen will go further and still produce high fertilization rates. Diluting 1 part pollen with 10 to 100 parts flour is common. Powdered fungicides can also be used since this helps retard the growth of molds in the maturing, seeded, floral clusters. The bags may remain on the seed parent for some time; seeds usually begin to develop within a few days, but their development will be retarded by the bags. The propa- gator waits three full sunny days, then carefully removes and sterilizes or destroys the bags. This way there is little chance of stray pollination. Any viable pollen that failed to pollinate the seed parent will germinate in the warm moist bag and die within three days, along with many of the unpollinated pistils. In particularly cool or overcast conditions a week may be necessary, but the bag is re- moved at the earliest safe time to ensure proper seed devel- opment without stray pollinations. As soon as the bag is removed, the calyxes begin to swell with seed, indicating successful fertilization. Seed parents then need good irriga- tion or development will be retarded, resulting in small, immature, and nonviable seeds. Seeds develop fastest in warm weather and take usually from two to four weeks to mature completely. In cold weather seeds may take up to two months to mature. If seeds get wet in fall rains, they may sprout. Seeds are removed when the calyx begins to dry up and the dark shiny perianth (seed coat) can be seen protruding from the drying calyx. Seeds are labeled and stored in a cool, dark, dry place, This is the method employed by breeders to create seeds of known parentage used to study and improve Can- nabis genetics. Seed Selection Nearly every cultivated Cannabis plant, no matter what its future, began as a germinating seed; and nearly all Cannabis cultivators, no matter what their intention, start with seeds that are gifts from a fellow cultivator or ex- tracted from imported shipments of marijuana. Very little true control can be exercised in seed selection unless the cultivator travels to select growing plants with favorable characteristics and personally pollinate them. This is not possible for most cultivators or researchers and they usually rely on imported seeds. [/QUOTE]
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Marijuana Botany by Robert Connel Clark
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