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Obrazovanje
Marijuana Botany by Robert Connel Clark
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<blockquote data-quote="cannebosanac" data-source="post: 20049" data-attributes="member: 1357"><p>poglavlje 4 nastavak</p><p></p><p>Equatorial Zone - (15 south latitude to 15 north latitude) </p><p>At the equator the sun is high in the sky all year long. </p><p>The sun is directly overhead twice a year at the equinoxes, </p><p>March 22 and September 22, as it passes to the north and </p><p>then the south. The days get shortest twice a year on each </p><p>equinox. As a result, the equatorial zone has two times </p><p>during the year when floral induction can take place and </p><p>two distinct seasons, These seasons may overlap but they </p><p>are usually five to six months long and unless the weather </p><p>forbids, the fields may be used twice a year. Colombia, </p><p>southern India, Thailand, and Malawi all lie on the fringes </p><p>of the equatorial zone between 10 and 15 latitude. It is </p><p>interesting to note that few if any areas of commercial </p><p>Cannabis cultivation, other than Colombia, lie within the </p><p>heart of the equatorial zone. This could be because most </p><p>areas along the equator or very near to it are extremely </p><p>humid at lower altitudes, so it may be impossible to find a </p><p>dry enough place to grow one crop of Cannabis, much less </p><p>two. Wild Cannabis occurs in many equatorial areas but it </p><p>is of relatively low quality for fiber or drug production. </p><p>Under cultivation, however, equatorial Cannabis has great </p><p>potential for drug production. </p><p>Northern and Southern Subtropical Zones - (15 to 30 </p><p>north and south latitudes) </p><p>The northern subtropical zone is one of the largest </p><p>Cannabis producing areas in the world, while the southern </p><p>subtropical zone has little Cannabis. These areas usually </p><p>have a long season from February-March through October- </p><p>December in the northern hemisphere and from September- </p><p>October through March-June in the southern hemisphere. </p><p>A short season may also exist from December or January </p><p>through March or April in the northern hemisphere, span- </p><p>ning from 90 to 120 days. In Hawaii, Cannabis cultivators </p><p>sometimes make use of a third short season from June </p><p>through September or September through December, but </p><p>these short seasons actually break up the long subtropical </p><p>season during which some of the world's most potent </p><p>Cannabis is grown. Southeast Asia, Hawaii, Mexico, Ja- </p><p>maica, Pakistan, Nepal, and India are all major Cannabis- </p><p>producing areas located in the northern subtropical zone. </p><p>North and South Temperate Zones - (30 to 60 north and </p><p>south latitudes) </p><p>The temperate zones have one medium to long season </p><p>stretching from March-May through September-December </p><p>in the northern hemisphere and from September-November </p><p>through March-June in the southern hemisphere. Central </p><p>China, Korea, Japan, United States, southern Europe, </p><p>Morocco, Turkey, Lebanon, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, </p><p>India, and Kashmir are all in the north temperate zone. </p><p>Many of these nations are producers of large amounts of </p><p>fiber as well as drug Cannabis. The south temperate zone </p><p>includes only the southern portions of Australia, South </p><p>America, and Africa. Some Cannabis grows in all three of </p><p>these areas, but none of them are well known for the culti- </p><p>vation of drug Cannabis. </p><p>Arctic and Antarctic Zones - (60 to 70 north and south </p><p>latitudes) </p><p>The arctic and antarctic zones are characterized by a </p><p>short, harsh growing season that is not favorable for the </p><p>growth of Cannabis, The arctic season begins during the </p><p>very long days of June or July, as soon as the ground thaws, </p><p>and continues until the first freezes of September or Oc- </p><p>tober. The photoperiod is very long when the seedlings </p><p>appear, but the days rapidly get shorter and by September </p><p>the plants begin to flower. Plants often get quite large in </p><p>these areas, but they do not get a long enough season to </p><p>mature completely and the cultivation of drug Cannabis is </p><p>not practical without a greenhouse. Parts of Russia, Alaska, </p><p>Canada, and northern Europe are within the arctic zone </p><p>and only small stands of escaped fiber and drug Cannabis </p><p>grow naturally. Cultivated drug strains are grown in Alaska, </p><p>Canada, and northern Europe in limited quantities but </p><p>little is grown on a commercial scale. Rapidly maturing, </p><p>acclimatized hybrid strains from temperate North America </p><p>are probably the best suited for growth in this area. Fiber </p><p>strains also grow well in some arctic areas. Breeding pro- </p><p>grams with Russian Cannabis ruderalis could yield very </p><p>short season drug strains. </p><p>It becomes readily apparent that most of the drug </p><p>Cannabis occurs in the northern subtropical and northern </p><p>temperate zones of the world. It is striking that there are </p><p>many unutilized areas suitable for the cultivation of drug </p><p>Cannabis the world over. It is also readily apparent that the </p><p>equatorial zone and subtropical zones have the advantage </p><p>of an extra full or partial season for the cultivation of </p><p>Cannabis. </p><p>Strains that have become adapted to their native lati- </p><p>tude will tend to flower and mature under domestic culti- </p><p>vation in much the same pattern as they would in their </p><p>native conditions. For example, in northern temperate </p><p>areas, strains from Mexico (subtropical zone) will usually </p><p>completely mature by the end of October while strains </p><p>from Colombia (equatorial zone) will usually not mature </p><p>until December. By understanding this, strains may be </p><p>selected from latitudes similar to the area to be cultivated </p><p>so that the chances of growing drug Cannabis to maturity </p><p>are maximized. The short season of Hawaii, Mexico, and </p><p>other subtropical areas constitutes a separate set of environ- </p><p>mental factors (distinct from the long season) that influ- </p><p>ence genotype and favor selection of a separate short- </p><p>season strain. The maturation characteristics can vary </p><p>greatly between these two strains because of the length of </p><p>the season and differences in response to photoperiod. For </p><p>that reason, it is usually necessary to determine if Hawail </p><p>and California strains have been bred specifically for either </p><p>the short or long season, or if they are used indiscriminately </p><p>for both seasons. Sometimes the only information available </p><p>is what season the ~1 seed plant was grown. It may not be </p><p>practical to grow a long-season strain from Hawaii in a </p><p>temperate growing area, but a short season strain might </p><p>do very well. </p><p>Moon Cycles </p><p>Since ancient times man has observed the effect of </p><p>the moon on living organisms, especially his crops. Planting </p><p>and harvest dates based on moon cycles are still found in </p><p>the Old Farmer's Almanac. The moon takes 28 to 29 days to </p><p>completely orbit the earth. This cycle is divided into four </p><p>one-week phases. It starts as the new moon waxes (begins </p><p>to enlarge) for a week until the quarter moon and another </p><p>week until the moon is full. Then the waning (shrinking) </p><p>cycle begins and the moon passes back for two weeks </p><p>through another quarter to reach the beginning of the cycle </p><p>with a new moon. Most cultivators agree that the best time </p><p>for planting is on the waxing moon, and the best time to </p><p>harvest is on the waning moon. Exact new moons, full </p><p>moons, and quarter moons are avoided as these are times of </p><p>interplanetary stress. Planting, germinating, grafting, and </p><p>layering are most favored during phases 1 and 2. The best </p><p>time is a few days before the full moon. Phases 3 and 4 are </p><p>most beneficial for harvesting and pruning.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="cannebosanac, post: 20049, member: 1357"] poglavlje 4 nastavak Equatorial Zone - (15 south latitude to 15 north latitude) At the equator the sun is high in the sky all year long. The sun is directly overhead twice a year at the equinoxes, March 22 and September 22, as it passes to the north and then the south. The days get shortest twice a year on each equinox. As a result, the equatorial zone has two times during the year when floral induction can take place and two distinct seasons, These seasons may overlap but they are usually five to six months long and unless the weather forbids, the fields may be used twice a year. Colombia, southern India, Thailand, and Malawi all lie on the fringes of the equatorial zone between 10 and 15 latitude. It is interesting to note that few if any areas of commercial Cannabis cultivation, other than Colombia, lie within the heart of the equatorial zone. This could be because most areas along the equator or very near to it are extremely humid at lower altitudes, so it may be impossible to find a dry enough place to grow one crop of Cannabis, much less two. Wild Cannabis occurs in many equatorial areas but it is of relatively low quality for fiber or drug production. Under cultivation, however, equatorial Cannabis has great potential for drug production. Northern and Southern Subtropical Zones - (15 to 30 north and south latitudes) The northern subtropical zone is one of the largest Cannabis producing areas in the world, while the southern subtropical zone has little Cannabis. These areas usually have a long season from February-March through October- December in the northern hemisphere and from September- October through March-June in the southern hemisphere. A short season may also exist from December or January through March or April in the northern hemisphere, span- ning from 90 to 120 days. In Hawaii, Cannabis cultivators sometimes make use of a third short season from June through September or September through December, but these short seasons actually break up the long subtropical season during which some of the world's most potent Cannabis is grown. Southeast Asia, Hawaii, Mexico, Ja- maica, Pakistan, Nepal, and India are all major Cannabis- producing areas located in the northern subtropical zone. North and South Temperate Zones - (30 to 60 north and south latitudes) The temperate zones have one medium to long season stretching from March-May through September-December in the northern hemisphere and from September-November through March-June in the southern hemisphere. Central China, Korea, Japan, United States, southern Europe, Morocco, Turkey, Lebanon, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Kashmir are all in the north temperate zone. Many of these nations are producers of large amounts of fiber as well as drug Cannabis. The south temperate zone includes only the southern portions of Australia, South America, and Africa. Some Cannabis grows in all three of these areas, but none of them are well known for the culti- vation of drug Cannabis. Arctic and Antarctic Zones - (60 to 70 north and south latitudes) The arctic and antarctic zones are characterized by a short, harsh growing season that is not favorable for the growth of Cannabis, The arctic season begins during the very long days of June or July, as soon as the ground thaws, and continues until the first freezes of September or Oc- tober. The photoperiod is very long when the seedlings appear, but the days rapidly get shorter and by September the plants begin to flower. Plants often get quite large in these areas, but they do not get a long enough season to mature completely and the cultivation of drug Cannabis is not practical without a greenhouse. Parts of Russia, Alaska, Canada, and northern Europe are within the arctic zone and only small stands of escaped fiber and drug Cannabis grow naturally. Cultivated drug strains are grown in Alaska, Canada, and northern Europe in limited quantities but little is grown on a commercial scale. Rapidly maturing, acclimatized hybrid strains from temperate North America are probably the best suited for growth in this area. Fiber strains also grow well in some arctic areas. Breeding pro- grams with Russian Cannabis ruderalis could yield very short season drug strains. It becomes readily apparent that most of the drug Cannabis occurs in the northern subtropical and northern temperate zones of the world. It is striking that there are many unutilized areas suitable for the cultivation of drug Cannabis the world over. It is also readily apparent that the equatorial zone and subtropical zones have the advantage of an extra full or partial season for the cultivation of Cannabis. Strains that have become adapted to their native lati- tude will tend to flower and mature under domestic culti- vation in much the same pattern as they would in their native conditions. For example, in northern temperate areas, strains from Mexico (subtropical zone) will usually completely mature by the end of October while strains from Colombia (equatorial zone) will usually not mature until December. By understanding this, strains may be selected from latitudes similar to the area to be cultivated so that the chances of growing drug Cannabis to maturity are maximized. The short season of Hawaii, Mexico, and other subtropical areas constitutes a separate set of environ- mental factors (distinct from the long season) that influ- ence genotype and favor selection of a separate short- season strain. The maturation characteristics can vary greatly between these two strains because of the length of the season and differences in response to photoperiod. For that reason, it is usually necessary to determine if Hawail and California strains have been bred specifically for either the short or long season, or if they are used indiscriminately for both seasons. Sometimes the only information available is what season the ~1 seed plant was grown. It may not be practical to grow a long-season strain from Hawaii in a temperate growing area, but a short season strain might do very well. Moon Cycles Since ancient times man has observed the effect of the moon on living organisms, especially his crops. Planting and harvest dates based on moon cycles are still found in the Old Farmer's Almanac. The moon takes 28 to 29 days to completely orbit the earth. This cycle is divided into four one-week phases. It starts as the new moon waxes (begins to enlarge) for a week until the quarter moon and another week until the moon is full. Then the waning (shrinking) cycle begins and the moon passes back for two weeks through another quarter to reach the beginning of the cycle with a new moon. Most cultivators agree that the best time for planting is on the waxing moon, and the best time to harvest is on the waning moon. Exact new moons, full moons, and quarter moons are avoided as these are times of interplanetary stress. Planting, germinating, grafting, and layering are most favored during phases 1 and 2. The best time is a few days before the full moon. Phases 3 and 4 are most beneficial for harvesting and pruning. [/QUOTE]
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