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Marijuana Botany by Robert Connel Clark
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<blockquote data-quote="cannebosanac" data-source="post: 20053" data-attributes="member: 1357"><p>poglavlje 4 nastavak</p><p></p><p>Harvest Timing </p><p>With this dynamic picture of the biosynthesis and </p><p>degradation of THC acids as a frame of reference, the logic </p><p>behind harvesting at a specific time is easier to understand. </p><p>The usual aim of timing the moment of harvest is to ensure </p><p>high THC levels modified by just the proper amounts of </p><p>CBC, CBD and CBN, along with their propyl homologs, to </p><p>approximate the desired psychoactive effect. Since THC </p><p>acids are being broken down into CBN acid at the same </p><p>time they are being made from CBD acid, it is important </p><p>to harvest at a time when the production of THC acids is </p><p>higher than the degradation of THC acids. Every experi- </p><p>enced cultivator inspects a number of indicating factors </p><p>and knows when to harvest the desired type of floral clus </p><p>ters. Some like to harvest early when most of the pistils are </p><p>still viable and at the height of reproductive potential. At </p><p>this time the resins are very aromatic and light; the psycho- </p><p>active effect is characterized as a light cerebral high (pos- </p><p>sibly low CBC and CBD, high THC, low CBN). Others har- </p><p>vest as late as possible, desiring a stronger, more resinous </p><p>marijuana characterized by a more intense body effect and </p><p>an inhibited cerebral effect (high CBC and CB]), high THC, </p><p>high CBN). Harvesting and testing several floral clusters </p><p>every few days over a period of several weeks gives the </p><p>cultivator a set of samples at all stages of maturation and </p><p>creates a basis for deciding when to harvest in future sea- </p><p>sons. The following is a description of each of the growth </p><p>phases as to morphology, terpene aroma, and relative </p><p>psychoactivity. </p><p>Premature Floral Stage </p><p>At this stage floral development is slightly beyond </p><p>primordial and only a few clusters of immature pistillate </p><p>flowers appear at the tips of limbs in addition to the pri- </p><p>mordial pairs along the main stems. By this stage stem </p><p>diameter within the floral clusters is very nearly maximum. </p><p>The stems are easily visible between the nodes and form a </p><p>strong framework to support future floral development. </p><p>Larger vegetative leaves (5-7 leaflets) predominate and </p><p>smaller tri-leaflet leaves are beginning to form in the new </p><p>floral axis. A few narrow, tapered calyxes may be found </p><p>nestled in the leaflets near the stem tips and the fresh </p><p>pistils appear as thin, feathery, white filaments stretching </p><p>to test the surroundings. During this stage the surface of </p><p>the calyxes is lightly covered with fuzzy, hair-like, non- </p><p>glandular trichomes, but only a few bulbous and capitate- </p><p>sessile glandular trichomes have begun to develop. Resin </p><p>secretion is minimal, as indicated by small resin heads and </p><p>few if any capitate-stalked, glandular trichomes. There is </p><p>no drug yield from plants at the premature stage since THC </p><p>production is low, and there is no economic value other </p><p>than fiber and leaf. Terpene production starts as the glan- </p><p>dular trichomes begin to secrete resin; premature floral </p><p>clusters have no terpene aromas or tastes. Total canna- </p><p>binoid production is low but simple cannabinoid pheno- </p><p>types, based on relative amounts of THC and CBD, may be </p><p>determined. By the pre-floral stage the plant has akeady </p><p>established its basic chemotype as a fiber or drug strain. A </p><p>fiber strain rarely produces more than 2% THC, even under </p><p>perfect agricultural conditions. This indicates that a strain </p><p>either produces some varying amount of THC (up to 13%) </p><p>and little CBD and is termed a drug strain or produces </p><p>practically no THC and high CBD and is termed a fiber </p><p>strain, This is genetically controlled. </p><p>The floral clusters are barely psychoactive at this </p><p>stage, and most marijuana smokers classify the reaction as </p><p>more an "effect" than a "high." This most likely results </p><p>from small amounts of THC as well as trace amounts of </p><p>CBC and CBD. CBD production begins when the seedling </p><p>is very small. THC production also begins when the seed- </p><p>ling is very small, if the plant originates from a drug strain. </p><p>However, THC levels rarely exceed 2% until the early </p><p>floral stage and rarely produce a "high" until the peak </p><p>floral stage. </p><p>Early Floral Stage </p><p>Floral clusters begin to form as calyx production in- </p><p>creases and internode length decreases. Tri-leaflet leaves </p><p>are the predominant type and usually appear along the </p><p>secondary floral stems within the individual clusters. Many </p><p>pairs of calyxes appear along each secondary floral axis and </p><p>each pair is subtended by a tri-leaflet leaf. Older pairs of </p><p>calyxes visible along the primary floral axis during the pre- </p><p>mature stage now begin to swell, the pistils darken as they </p><p>lose fertility, and some resin secretion is observed in tri- </p><p>chomes along the veins of the calyx. The newly produced </p><p>calyxes show few if any capitate-stalked trichomes. As a </p><p>result of low resin production, only a slight terpene aroma </p><p>and psychoactivity are detectable. The floral clusters are not </p><p>ready for harvest at this point. Total cannabinoid produc- </p><p>tion has increased markedly over the premature stage but </p><p>THC levels (still less than 3%) are not high enough to pro- </p><p>duce more than a subtle effect.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="cannebosanac, post: 20053, member: 1357"] poglavlje 4 nastavak Harvest Timing With this dynamic picture of the biosynthesis and degradation of THC acids as a frame of reference, the logic behind harvesting at a specific time is easier to understand. The usual aim of timing the moment of harvest is to ensure high THC levels modified by just the proper amounts of CBC, CBD and CBN, along with their propyl homologs, to approximate the desired psychoactive effect. Since THC acids are being broken down into CBN acid at the same time they are being made from CBD acid, it is important to harvest at a time when the production of THC acids is higher than the degradation of THC acids. Every experi- enced cultivator inspects a number of indicating factors and knows when to harvest the desired type of floral clus ters. Some like to harvest early when most of the pistils are still viable and at the height of reproductive potential. At this time the resins are very aromatic and light; the psycho- active effect is characterized as a light cerebral high (pos- sibly low CBC and CBD, high THC, low CBN). Others har- vest as late as possible, desiring a stronger, more resinous marijuana characterized by a more intense body effect and an inhibited cerebral effect (high CBC and CB]), high THC, high CBN). Harvesting and testing several floral clusters every few days over a period of several weeks gives the cultivator a set of samples at all stages of maturation and creates a basis for deciding when to harvest in future sea- sons. The following is a description of each of the growth phases as to morphology, terpene aroma, and relative psychoactivity. Premature Floral Stage At this stage floral development is slightly beyond primordial and only a few clusters of immature pistillate flowers appear at the tips of limbs in addition to the pri- mordial pairs along the main stems. By this stage stem diameter within the floral clusters is very nearly maximum. The stems are easily visible between the nodes and form a strong framework to support future floral development. Larger vegetative leaves (5-7 leaflets) predominate and smaller tri-leaflet leaves are beginning to form in the new floral axis. A few narrow, tapered calyxes may be found nestled in the leaflets near the stem tips and the fresh pistils appear as thin, feathery, white filaments stretching to test the surroundings. During this stage the surface of the calyxes is lightly covered with fuzzy, hair-like, non- glandular trichomes, but only a few bulbous and capitate- sessile glandular trichomes have begun to develop. Resin secretion is minimal, as indicated by small resin heads and few if any capitate-stalked, glandular trichomes. There is no drug yield from plants at the premature stage since THC production is low, and there is no economic value other than fiber and leaf. Terpene production starts as the glan- dular trichomes begin to secrete resin; premature floral clusters have no terpene aromas or tastes. Total canna- binoid production is low but simple cannabinoid pheno- types, based on relative amounts of THC and CBD, may be determined. By the pre-floral stage the plant has akeady established its basic chemotype as a fiber or drug strain. A fiber strain rarely produces more than 2% THC, even under perfect agricultural conditions. This indicates that a strain either produces some varying amount of THC (up to 13%) and little CBD and is termed a drug strain or produces practically no THC and high CBD and is termed a fiber strain, This is genetically controlled. The floral clusters are barely psychoactive at this stage, and most marijuana smokers classify the reaction as more an "effect" than a "high." This most likely results from small amounts of THC as well as trace amounts of CBC and CBD. CBD production begins when the seedling is very small. THC production also begins when the seed- ling is very small, if the plant originates from a drug strain. However, THC levels rarely exceed 2% until the early floral stage and rarely produce a "high" until the peak floral stage. Early Floral Stage Floral clusters begin to form as calyx production in- creases and internode length decreases. Tri-leaflet leaves are the predominant type and usually appear along the secondary floral stems within the individual clusters. Many pairs of calyxes appear along each secondary floral axis and each pair is subtended by a tri-leaflet leaf. Older pairs of calyxes visible along the primary floral axis during the pre- mature stage now begin to swell, the pistils darken as they lose fertility, and some resin secretion is observed in tri- chomes along the veins of the calyx. The newly produced calyxes show few if any capitate-stalked trichomes. As a result of low resin production, only a slight terpene aroma and psychoactivity are detectable. The floral clusters are not ready for harvest at this point. Total cannabinoid produc- tion has increased markedly over the premature stage but THC levels (still less than 3%) are not high enough to pro- duce more than a subtle effect. [/QUOTE]
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